Cloisonne is a famous traditional enamel ware, known as the "Blue of Jingtai" in
China, with a history of over 500 years. it was so called "blue" was the typical
colour used for enamelling and "Jingtai" was the reign title of the 7th Ming
Emperor. Enamel ware became very popular during the Emperor's reign. There is a
great variety of products, such as vase, jar, bowl,plate, box and ash-tray. They
are brilliant in colours and splendid in design.
Cloisonne is one of the famous arts and crafts of Beijing.The making of
cloisonne requires rather elaborate and complicated processes; base-hammering,
copper-strip inlay, soldering, enamel-filling, enamel-firing, polishing and
gilding. The products are featured by excellent quality. The skill and workmanship
have been handed down from the Ming Dynasty. Quite a number of new varieties have
been created. it enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. They are mostly
for export.
CLOISONNE-MAKING
The first step is body making. The material used for making the bodyis copper,
because copper is easily hammered and stretched. This step requires a sound
judgement in shaping and uniformity of thickness and weight. It is in fact the
work of the copper smith. The only difference is that when an article is well
shaped, the copper smith’s work is finished, whereas the cloisonne craftsman
’s work is just on the the start.
The second step is filigree soldering. This step requires great care and high
creativeness. The artisan adheres copper strips onto the body. These strips are
of 1/16 inch in diameter and of lengths as the artisan desires. The strips or
filigree thus adhered make up a complicated but complete pattern. The artisan has
a blueprint in mind and he can make full use of his experience, imagination and
aesthetic view in setting the copper strips on the body.
The third step is to apply the colour which is known as enamel filling. The
colour or enamel is like the glaze on ceramics. It is called falang. Its basic
elements are boric acid, saltpetre and alkaline. Due to the difference in the
minerals added, the colour differs accordingly. Usually one with much iron will
turn grey, with uranium, yellow, with chromium, green, with zinc, white, with
bronze, blue, with gold or iodine, red. In time of filling, all the colours,
ground beforehand into minute powder and contained in plates, are placed in front
of the workers and are then applied to the little compartments separated by
filigree.
The fourth step is enamel firing. This is done by putting the article, with
its enamel fillings, to the crucible. After a short moment, the copper body will
turn red. But after firing, the enamel in the little compartment will sink down a
bit. That will require a refilling. This process will go on repeatedly until the
little compartments are finally filled.
The fifth step is polishing. The first polish is with energy. Its aim is to
make the filigree and the filled compartments even. The whole piece is again put
to fire. Polish once more with a whet stone. Finally, use a piece of hard carbon
to polish again so as to obtain some lustre on the surface of the article.
The sixth step is gilding. This is done by placing the article in fluid of
gold or silver. Add electric current. The exposed parts of the filigree and the
metal fringes of the article will be smoothly and evenly gilded. After that, the
metal part of the article will not get rusty. Then the article will again undergo
another electroplating and a slight polish.