D. A national commercial bank-card system should also be abolished.
Questions 91-95 are based on the following passage.
It is amazing how many people still say, "I never dream", for it is now decades
since it was established that everyone has over a thousand dreams a year, however
few of these nocturnal productions are remembered on waking. Even the most
confirmed "non-dreamers" will remember dreams if woken up systematically during the
rapid eye movement (REM) periods. These are periods of light sleep during which the
eye-balls move rapidly back and forth under the closed lids and the brain becomes
highly activated, which happens three or four times every night of normal sleep.
It is a very interesting question why some people remember dreams regularly -
perhaps several a night on occasion - while others remember hardly any at all under
normal conditions. In considering this, it is important to bear in mind that the
dream tends to be an elusive phenomenon for all of us. We normally never recall a
dream unless we awaken directly from it, and even then it has a tendency to fade
quickly into oblivion.
Given this general elusiveness of dreams, the basic factor that seems to
determine whether a person remembers them or not is the same as that which
determines all other memory, namely degree of interest. Dream researchers have made
a broad classification of people into "recallers" - those who remember at least
one dream a month - and "non-recallers", who remember fewer than this. Tests have
shown that cool, analytical people with a very rational approach to their feelings
tend to recall fewer dreams than those whose attitude to life is open and flexible.
Engineers generally recall fewer dreams than artists. It is not surprising to
discover that in Western society, women normally recall more dreams than men, since
women are traditionally allowed an instinctive, feeling approach to life.
In modern urban-industrial culture, feeling and dreams tend to be treated as
frivolities which must be firmly subordinated to the realities of life. We pay lip-
service to the inner life of imagination as it expresses itself in the arts, but in
practice relegate music, poetry, drama and painting to the level of spare-time
activities, valued mainly for the extent to which they refresh us for a return to
work. We discourage our children from paying much attention to anything that might
detract from the serious business of studying for exams or making a living in
the "real" world of industry and commerce.
91. Many people are unaware that they dream because
A. their dreams fade very quickly. B. they do not recall their dreams.
C. they sleep too heavily. D. they wake up frequently.
92. During REM periods, people
A. dream less. B. wake up more easily.
C. remember their dreams more clearly. D. experience discomfort.
93. People who remember their dreams do so because they
A. find the content relevant. B. are awakened suddenly.
C. have retentive memories. D. are regular dreamer.
94. Those who recall their dreams tend to be
A. practical. B. unrealistic. C. disorganized. D. imaginative.
95. The writer believes that, in Western society, dreams are considered to be
A. shameful. B. beneficial. C. unimportant. D. artistic.
Questions 96-100 are based on the following passage.
In most aspects of medieval life, the closed corporation prevailed. But
compared to modern life, the medieval urban family was a very open unit: for it
included, as part of the normal household, not only relatives by blood but a group
of industrial workers as well as domestics whose relation was that of secondary
members of family. This held for all classes, for young men from the upper classes
got their knowledge of the world by serving as waiting men in a noble family: what
they observed and overheard at mealtime was part of their education. Apprentices
lived as members of the master craftsman's family. If marriage was perhaps deferred
longer for men than today, the advantages of home life were not entirely lacking,
even for the bachelor.
The workshop was a family; likewise the merchant's counting house. The members
ate together at the same table, worked in the same rooms, slept in the same or
common hall, converted at night into dormitories, joined in the family prayers,
participated in the common amusements.
The intimate unity of domesticity and labour dictated the major arrangement
within the medieval dwelling-house itself. Houses were usually built in continuous
rows around the perimeter of their gardens. Freestanding houses, unduly exposed to
the elements, wasteful of the land on each side, harder to heat, were relatively
scarce: even farmhouses would be part of a solid block that included the stables,
barns and granaries. The materials for the houses came out of the local soil, and
they varied with the region. Houses in the continuous row forming the closed
perimeter of a block, with guarded access on the ground floor, served as a domestic
wall: a genuine protection against felonious entry in troubled times.
The earliest houses would have small window openings, with shutters to keep out
the weather; then later, permanent windows of oiled cloth, paper and eventually
glass. In the fifteenth century, glass, hitherto so costly it was used only for
public buildings, became more frequent, at first only in the upper part of the
window. A typical sixteenth-century window would have been divided into three
panels: the upper-most panel, fixed, would be of diamond-paned glass; the next two
panels would have shutters that opened inwards; thus the amount of exposure to
sunlight and air could be controlled, yet on inclement days, both sets of shutters
could be closed, without altogether shutting out our light. On any consideration of
hygiene and ventilation this type of window was superior to the all-glass window
that succeeded it, since glass excludes the bactericidal ultra-violet rays.
96. The urban family unit described in the passage
A. consisted of people related by blood.
B. was made up of workers, servants and family members.
C. excluded domestics and craftsmen.
D. was composed of members of the same social class.
97. How did young noblemen receive their education?
A. They were taught in their own homes.
B. They received training in practical skills.
C. They were sent to other households.
D. They were educated with other young men.
98. According to the writer, why were there few free-standing houses?
A. Building land was expensive.
B. Such houses were costly to construct.
C. Such houses suffered the effects of bad weather.
D. There was no room left for a garden.
99. Where could you have expected to find glass used in the fourteenth century?
A. In small windows in private houses.
B. In buildings designed for public use.
C. Forming one part of a window protection.
D. Behind protective shutters.
100. In the writer's opinion, all-glass windows were not an improvement because
they were less
E. healthy.
F. attractive.
G. economical.
H. hard-wearing.
Section 3: Cloze Test (25 Points)
In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are
missing from the context. You are to provide each of the blanks with the missing
word. The time for this section is 25 minutes. Write your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET.
Social Responsibility in Science and Art
Compared with the immediate practical responsibility of the scientist, the _____
(1) of the artist must seem puny. The decision which faces ____(2) is not one of
practical action: of course he will try to throw this ____(3) into the scale, and
that weight, if he is a writer or ____(4) a painter of genius, may have its effect.
For the novelist - in our society the only artist who has a mass audience and at
the same time effective economic control of the means of addressing ____(5) - the
hope of some decisive influence is a reasonable ____(6). For him, since he takes of
all artists _____(7) is probably the largest portion of his culture as material,
there is no _____(8) escape from the necessity for treating the content of his work
seriously than ____(9) is for the social psychologist he is coming so closely to
resemble. The dichotomy which people have tried to establish between artistic
proficiency and _____(10) content is becoming unbearable to almost all sensitive
minds. I doubt if it has ever been real - we might have admired Shelley as ____(11)
if he had been indifferent to such things as war and tyranny, though I doubt it;
certainly ____(12) he been indifferent we should never have been led by ____(13).
There is no Hppocratic oath in literature, and I am not attempting to draw ____
(14) up. As far as I am concerned, the artist is a human being writ large and his
____(15) are the ethics of any human being. Perhaps I can best illustrate ____(16)
seems to me the new _____(17) of those duties of assertion and refusal from one
writer, and I do not ____(18) it is without significance that this _____(19)
projects the whole situation of choice into a scientific parable, the ____(20) of a
pestilence: a ____(21) many human ____(22) are called to fight against, called not
by any supernatural ____(23) but by the simple fact that the fight against a
plague is _____(24) like a biological human _____(25).