您的位置：全国英语等级考试三级全真模拟试题(9)
(15 minutes)
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered
blank and mark A, B, C, or Don your ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text
As every traveler soon finds out, it is important to know the local time.
26 until the last century, every town and village kept its own time, usually
regulated 27 an official public clock set in the town hall or village church.
28 the sun was directly overhead, the clock 29 strike noon. This meant that
the time was 30 for each degree of longitude (经度) Saudi Arabia and a few
Pacific islands still keep this "sun time". 31 of the world, however, operates
according to time zones 32 by international agreement. The globe is divided
33 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. Mean time is the time at the
Prime Meridian (本初子午线). All the 34 zones are measured according to 35
time or minus time, reflecting the differences 36 the particular time zone and
Greenwich mean time. The International Date Line, 37 one day changes to the
next, is at 38 near the 180th meridian.
The boundaries between time zones are usually meridians. 39 on some maps
they appear to be straight lines, they are 40 great circles. In many places,
41 , the time-zone boundaries have been 42 to accommodate national
boundaries and other political or economic divisions.
Most nations prefer to have 43 of their territory in the same time zone.
Those 44 very large areas, however, need to 45 themselves into two or more
zones.
26.[A] Down [B] Up [C] Not [D] Just
27.[A] by [B] for [C] to [D] with
28.[A] When [B] Although [C] If [D] As
29.[A] should [B] would [C] could [D] might
30.[A] arbitrary [B] important [C] similar [D] different
31.[A] Many [B]Most [C]Less [D]AII
32.[A] assumed [B] founded [C] established [D] discovered
33.[A] to [B]into [C]in [D]by
34.[A] same [BJ next [C] alternative [D] other
35.[A] less [B]more [C]plus [D] added
36.[A] between [B] besides [C] through [D] with
37.[A] when [B] where [C]that [D] which
38.[A] but [B]or [G]and [D] nor
39.[A] Unless [B]lf [C] Although [D] As
40.[A] eventually [B] actually [C] contrarily [U] apparently
41.[A] indeed [B] therefore [C] still [D] however
42.[A] adjusted [B] converted [C] repaired [D] adapted
43.[A] whole [B]all [C] each [D] lot
44.[A] with [B]in [C] over [D] from
45.[A] divide [B] separate [C] isolate [D] break
Section II Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Part A
Directions;
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing a thick line across
the corresponding letter in the
brackets. "
Text I
It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately
around large cities with factories or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that
although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is
literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of
air pollution had covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to
health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of
manufacturing and automobile traffic.
In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution.
Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the
air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating
a "greenhouse effect"--holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the
world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’ s temperature
is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such
as New York, Boston, Miami and New Orleans will be under water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter in the
atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth ’ s temperature-a result
that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create
something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or
impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure
that either of these conditions will happen ( though one recent government report
prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very
likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other
and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.
46. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that
air pollution __________.
[ A ] caused widespread damage in the countryside
[ B ] affected the entire eastern half of the United States
[ C] had damaging effects on health
[ D ] existed merely in urban and industrial areas
47. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author _________.
[ A ] shares the same view with the scientists
[ B] is uncertain of its occurrence
[ C ] rejects it as being ungrounded
[ D ] thinks that it will destroy the world soon
48. The word "offset" in the second paragraph could best be replaced by _____.
[ A ] slip [B] makeup for
[C] set up [D] catch up with
49. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
[ A ] raising the world ’ s temperature only a few degrees would not do
much harm to life on the earth
[ B ] lowering the world ’ s temperature merely a few degrees would lead
many major farming areas to disaster
[ C ] almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade
[ D ] the world ’ s temperature will remain constant in the years to come
50. This passage is primarily concerned with _________.
[A] the greenhouse effect [B] the burning of fossil fuels
[C] the potential effect of air pollution
[D] the likelihood of a new ice age
Text 2
Auctions are public sales of goods conducted by an officially approved
auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers,
or "bids", for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher
figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods.
Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these
are coffee, skins, wool, tea, furs, spices, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction
sales are also useful for land, property. antique furniture, pictures, rare books,
old china and works of art.
An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the
articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If
the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogs are printed, and each group
of goods to be sold together, called a "lot" ; is usually given a number. The
auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order; he may wait
until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produces
the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’ s services are paid
for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The
auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up bidding as high as
possible.
The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the
goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods.
He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the
rivals among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two
business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely in his advice that a
seller will fix a "reserved" price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot
be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a "knock-
out" , whereby dealers illegally arranged beforehand not to bid against each
other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying
goods at extremely low prices. If such a "knock-out" comes off, the real auction
sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.
51. At what prices are auctioned goods usually sold?
[A] The highest prices offered by the buyers.
[B] The fixed prices advertised beforehand.
[C] The prices higher than their true value.
[D] The prices demanded by the seller.
52, What kind of goods can not be sold in auctions?
[A] Those produced in the same factories. [B] Those provided by the
same sellers.
[C] Those which have the same qualities. [D] Those which have only one
bidder.
53. What can the prospective buyer learn from an auction catalog?
[ A] The current market values of the goods.
[B] The order in which goods are to be sold.
[C] All the details of the goods to be sold.
[D] All the information about the prospective buyers.
54. Why does the auctioneer decide to sell the "lots" out of their numerical order?
[A] He wants to confuse some dealers and make them bid the highest price.
[B] He can hold back certain goods until the interested dealers arrive.
[C] He wants to keep certain people waiting in order to reduce the number
of buyers,
[D] He is sometimes bribed by certain dealers who want to buy certain
articles cheap.
55. The reason why even the best auctioneer cannot stop the "knock-out" is
that
[A] he has been deeply involved in it
[B] the dealers do not know the true value of the article
[C] he is not familiar with the regular buyers of the goods
[D] the dealers make the arrangement behind his back
Text 3
As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the
two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase
goods from the person who buys his products. or vice versa. Hence producers who
know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable
outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on
finding the cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization,
which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output
is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved
can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.
Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value-that is, it serves
as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be
expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates
were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for
a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of
establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange,
according to what products were being offered against one another, and according
to the two parties desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for
bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange
bananas is or is not keen on fish.
Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving
under a barter system. No one engaged in only one stage in the manufacture of
product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing
complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties
would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically
or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible. the
practice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages-
imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his
product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great
difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise
productivity.
56. Using money as a medium of exchange means that _________.
[A] you have to sell something in order to buy something
[B] you have to buy something in order to sell something
[C] you don ’ t have to buy something in order to sell something
[D] the seller and the purchaser are the same person
57. Specialization is encouraged because __ __.
[A]j people can use their money to buy whatever they want
[B] people do not need to make a complete product for exchange
[C]people make a great contribution to the manufacture of a product
[D] people cannot use their money to buy whatever they want
58. A barter economy is one in which _
[A] value is decided by weight
[B] value is decided by number
[C] money is used and goods are not exchanged
[D] goods are exchanged and money is not used
50．If one had to save products instead of money, ________-
[A] this would need years of practice
[B] coal, for example, would lose its value
[C] they could not be stored for years on end
[D] many products would lose their value
60. How many advantages of money are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two. [B] Three.
[C] Four. [D] Five.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following article in which five people talk about capital punishment
and death penalty.
For questions 61 to 65, match name of each speaker to one of the statements (A to
C) given below.
Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Martin
The great thing about capital punishment is that fear of death deters people
from committing
crimes. Besides, it ensures that those who are really dangerous will neither repeat
their crimes nor
pass on undesirable hereditary traits to their children. In this way it protects
society from many dangerous happenings.
Lynn
But any fear of the death penalty is greatly reduced by the decrease in the
number of jurisdictions using it, by the uncertainty of detection, the long delays
in court procedures, the decline in the number of executions, and by the nonpublic
nature of executions. Statistical studies indicate that the use of the death
penalty has no significant effect on either the frequency of capital crimes or the
safety of law-enforcement officers.
Kent
By attaching this penalty to certain crimes, the law exerts a positive moral
influence in the educational process. By strongly stigmatizing these acts, the law
helps to develop attitudes of disgust and even horror for them. Besides, the
deterrent influence of the death penalty reaches across state lines into
jurisdictions that have abolished it, and so all are benefited by its continued use
in some areas.
Fisher
Criminal should die because he has committed a horrible crime, and only his
execution will satisfy the public and prevent it from taking the law into its own
hands. It’ s fair for those victims, especially for those who were killed by them.
There is no substitute for the death penalty in giving retribution its maximum
effectiveness. Without it, the criminals may soon come to see no difference between
the breaking of a window and the fracturing of another’ s skull.
Sherrill
The universal desire for revenge must be stopped and regulated in modern
society by legal retribution if order is to be maintained. Retribution functions
interrelatedly with reformation and deterrence, both of which must be expressed in
terms of society’ s moral code. The principal function of retribution is to
support this code and thus help unify society against those who violate it.
Now match each of the persons to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
61. Martin [A] Capital punishment functions as a means of education.
62. Lynn [B] Capital punishment is a kind of revenge.
[C] Social security is improved by capital punishment.
63. Kent [D] Revenge should not be considered as retribution.
64. Fisher [E] Capital punishment cannot deter crimes.
[F] Criminals deserve capital punishment.
65. Sherrill [G] Criminals can always evade capital punishment.
Section IV Writing
(40 minutes)
You should write your responses to both parts on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Part A
66. You have read the following job advertisement.
Secretary: a person required for Webber Tennis Club Office. Full time duties
include typing,
daily banking, reception, but above all, willingness to help in all aspects in
running the office and the club. Own transport required.
Part B
67. Below is a graph showing calcium deficiency among students. Look at the
graph and write an
essay of about 150 words.
Calcium Deficiency among Students
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