[D] A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48. The 4th paragraph suggests that
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.
[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.
[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.
49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?
[A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off.
[C] They are feeling humiliated. [D] They are busy with word puzzles.
50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
Text 3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just
yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many
nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but
last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the
softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a
service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some
dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department
store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know
if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is
cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.
From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers
temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their
revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a
crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’
s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not
panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term
prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.
Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines,
their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most
regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to
$10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara
Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding
quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says
john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty
comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would
cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in
the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,
which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners
might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse
restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still
be worth toasting.
51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the
author means
[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.
[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.
[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.
[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.
52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.
53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about.
[A] gold market. [B] real estate. [C] stock exchange.
[D] venture investment.
54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?
[A] They would benefit in certain ways.
[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.
[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.
55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
[A] A now boom, on the horizon. [B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
[C] Caution all right, panic not. [D] The more ventures, the more chances.
Text 4
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are
athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where
we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for
the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools
aren’t difficult to find.
“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than
intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a
counterbalance.” Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School
Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they
are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual
pursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind
leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think
critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot
fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl
Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil
society.”
“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and
professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer
Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion,
and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic
and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble
qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling
and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in
schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a
bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn
exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized ——
going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a
quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and
contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order,
and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and
imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our
country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and
militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify
with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
[A] The habit of thinking independently.
[B] Profound knowledge of the world.
[C] Practical abilities for future career.
[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of
[A] undervaluing intellect. [B] favoring intellectualism.
[C] supporting school reform. [D] suppressing native intelligence.
58. The views of Ravish and Emerson on schooling are
[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.
59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably
[A] a pioneer of education reform. [B] an opponent of intellectualism.
[C] a scholar in favor of intellect. [D] an advocate of regular schooling.
60. What does the author think of intellect?
[A] It is second to intelligence. [B] It evolves from common sense.
[C] It is to be pursued. [D] It underlies power.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments
into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10
points)
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many
centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some
connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before
people realized how diverse languages could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very
different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir,
were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during
the first half of the twentieth century. (62) We are obliged to them because some
of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or
became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier
part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from
“exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (63) The newly described
languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of
Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of
fabricating their data.. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so
in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II
to send secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian
languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf
developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of
habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual
thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain
concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think
along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of
linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons
the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching
consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as
the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both
Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ,Sapir himself never
explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
Section Ⅳ Writing
66. Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing.
2) interpret its meaning, and.
3) support your view with examples.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)