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The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education
releasedthis week found that a majority of Americans feel it is important to put
a "a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the
National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in
pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more
qualified candidates will enter the profession andstay there.
A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has
more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-
school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is
determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors
massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.
The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since
the mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they
have a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely
linked to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.
The data are striking: when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the
brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever
students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among
students who do major in education, thosewith higher test scores are less likely
to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the
highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.
The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real
increase in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no
appreciable effect on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a
poor job of. recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher
salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on
quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.
The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that
teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education
classes, even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the
field they would like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in
graduates of top universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching
at mid-career.
26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.
[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.
[C] Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.
[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher
training.
27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of
the following reasons EXCEPT
[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.
[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.
[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.
[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.
28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take
teaching as profession is because
[A] it offers low pay.
[B] they have interest in other professions.
[C] it does not value productivity.
[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.
29. "The data are striking: when the brightest individuals shun the teaching
profession at every juncture" means
[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.
[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.
[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.
[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.
30. All can be concluded BUT
[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.
[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.
[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.
[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to
teaching.