通过分析近几年同等学力英语考试试卷看,同等学力考试的完形填空有以下特点:
首先,完形填空的测试重点已从传统的语法项目转移到对整体语感的测试。根据上下文进行选择的题目比例很大。词汇的测试也不仅仅限于对基本词义的理解,同义词、近义词、一词多义、固定搭配及习惯用法的应用也成为测试的重点。
能否在该考项取得好成绩,取决于做大量的阅读练习以增加语感,打好语言功底。下文的分析以两篇文章为例。
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep,characterized by rapid
eye movements and dreaming,and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep
is at all well-understood,but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function
of the brain.The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 3 .The new
experiments,such as those 4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society
for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of non-REM sleep.
1.A Either B Neither C Each D Any
2.A intended B required C assumed D inferred
3.A subtle B obvious C mysterious D doubtful
4.A maintained B described C settled D afforded
5.A in the light B by virtus C with the exception D for the purpose
For example,it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to
rats,yet,7 examination of the dead bodies,the animals look completely normal.A
researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the animals die.The rats 9 bacterial
infections of the blood, 10 their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism
against diseases-had crashed.
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the
normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not
provide energy, 11 do they construct or build any part of the body.They are
needed for 12 foods into energy and body maintenance.There are thirteen or more
of them,and if 13 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 14 .Vitamins are
similar because they are made of the same elements-usually
carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and 15 nitrogen.They are different 16 their elements are
arranged differently,and each vitamin 17 one or more specific functions in the
body. 18 enough vitamins is essential to life,although the body has no nutritional
use for 19 vitamins.Many people, 20 ,believe in being on the "safe side"ad.thus
take extra vitamins.However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body
’s vitamin needs.
6. A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction
7. A upon B by C through D with
8. A paid attention to B caught sight of C laid emphasison on D cast light on
9. A develop B produce C stimulate D induce
10.A if B as if C only if D if only
11.A either B so C nor D never
12.A shifting B transferring C altering D transforming
13.A any B some C anything D something
14.A serious B apparent C severe D fatal
15.A mostly B partially C sometimes D rarely
16.A in that B so that C such that D except that
17.A undertakes B holds C plsys D performs
18.A Supplying B Getting C Providing D Furnishing
19.A exceptional B exceeding C excess D external
20.A nevertheless B therefore C moreover D meanwhile
答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.A
17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A
一、通读全文,从整体角度掌握文章大意
答题之前,一定要快速通读整篇文章,了解短文大意,为选择做准备,这样可以避免有?quot;前后撞车"。绝对不能拿过来就做。
一般来讲,短文的开篇第一句都不留空,通读的关键要弄清第一句,这一句往往是本段甚至是本文的主题句,便于考生对短文主题及背景的理解。
第一篇文章主要内容是探讨睡眠中快速眼动(Rapid Eye Movement-REM)和非快快速眼动(non?REM)两个阶段的作用。
段首句译文:睡眠分成以眼睛的快速活动和做梦为特点的所谓快速眼动阶段和较长的非快速眼动阶段。
第二篇文章是关于维生素是人体生命最基本的东西及其作用。
段首句译文:维生素是有机化合物,少量存在于食物中,是包括人在内的一切动物正常生长和维持生命所必需的。
二、结合上下文内容的合理性及句子之间的逻辑关系选择最佳答案
完形填空练习中,有些解题信息并非以词的形式出现,而是要从上文或下文的部分句子或整个句子甚至几个句子去捕捉。该项练习在很多情况下是利用语法的正确性与内容的排斥性之间的矛盾来命题的。因此,有些选项离开上下文孤立地看,语法是正确的,而结合上下文看,内容却是错误的。所以考生一定要结合上下文才有可能作出正确的选择。
第1个选择。从文意角度看,REM睡眠的作用只能在没有足够事实根据的情况下姑且"假定",说non REM睡眠的目"更加明显(even more obvious)",显然不合逻辑。doubtful意为"怀疑的,可疑的",既然上文没有"怀疑REM睡眠的目的"这层意思,此处"更加怀疑"自然也说不通。subtle意为"微妙的,因细微、精巧而难以觉察或描述的",用于形容purpose(目的)也不恰当。只有mysterious意为"神秘的,难解的,不可思议的",符合上下文的意思。
本句译文:非快速眼动的作用则更加神秘难解。
第8个选择。研究人员并非现在才注意(paid attention to)或重视(laid emphasis on)老鼠死亡之谜;catch sight of 意为"看到,发现,意识到",在此也不合文意。只有cast light on (使某事显得非常清楚,阐明某事)是正确答案,下一句话就是对本句的解释。
本句译文:一位研究人员现在解开了老鼠死亡之谜。
第13个选择。本题四个选项都可作代词,宜先从文意角度考虑。这里所缺的主语当指前半句提到的十几种维生素之一,A.any可理解为"any of them",为最佳选择。B.some用于指代不可数名词时,指所提事物中的一部分;本句vitamins为可数名词,some当指其中几种,不符合句中单数谓语"is missing"的要求,故排除。C.anything(任何事物)和D.something(某事某物),均为泛指代词,与上下文无关,故排除。
考生在面对同等学力英语考试的时候,除了注意以上方面的细节外,另外一个应该值得关注的事情就是在作文注意语法问题。
(四)无重大语法错误
重大语法错误一般指时态不一致、主语谓语单复数形式不一致、用词不当等,这些问题的存在说明考生在平时的英语学习中很少练习写作,有人甚至从没写过作文,因而出现各种各样语法错误是可以理解的。考生应在考前多进行这方面的训练,一些语法错误在实践中是可以纠正过来的。下面举几例常见错误。病句及其分析:
1.So colleg e provid e the best condition for students.
此句的主谓语不一致。因为句子的意思是泛指大学为学生提供了最好的学习环境,这里的主语college应变为复数。这类错误极为常见。
2.Going to college does not followed that We′ll have a splendid future.
此句的主语是现在分词短语,全句的意思是:上大学并不表示我们的未来就一定会光辉灿烂。does not后应跟动词原型follow。
3.Second,have a part time job for poor student is a good way to help reduce
his family burden.
此句中有两处错误。have a part time job不能直接作主语,可以改为不定式作主语to have a part time job,或者动名词作主语having a part time job。第二处错误是poor student。普通名词前应有冠词a或the,如前面没有冠词,名词应是复数形式。在这里可选用不定冠词,a poor student,或者poor students。在此句中为了与后半句中的his呼应将其改为a poor student为好。
4.In recent years,fake goods have been discovered more and more in the market.
第四句是中文式的英文,这是考生作文中的常见错误。按照英语的习惯可改为More and
more fake goods have been discovered in the market in recent years.
5.The first hand I think is that law must be passed to prevent fake goods
from being produced.
第五句中的The first hand是错的,应改为On the one hand;I think是插入成分,在写作中应尽量不使用这样的插入成分;law 前应有冠词,此句经修改后是:On the one hand,
a law must be passed to prevent fake goods from being produced.
(五)、写作技巧
一篇好的短文应该观点明确,思路清晰,论述有力、准确,语言正确,文字简洁、流畅、连贯,结构严谨。短文是由段落组成,因此写好段落是写好短文的关键。段落的组成分为三部分,主题句(Topic Sentence)、推展句(Development Sentences)和结论句(Concluding Sentence)。
主题句是全段的核心句,读者通过主题句能了解段落的中心思想。一个好的主题句还能限制话题所谈论的范围,表明段落展开的方向及方法。在英语文章中,围绕主题句展开的段落很多。下面两段摘自1995年的阅读试题。
A job applicant has the responsibility for ascertaining certain types of
information prior to the interview. First,the applicant should know what kind
of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective.It is important
that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for
a particular company.Second,the applicant should seek as much information
as possible concerning the company.Relevant information for the applicant to
locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offices,
the financial status of the company,plans for expansion,and company
philosophy.Information about most major corporations is available in reference
books and periodicals.
上段第一句是段落的主题句,句子的大意是:申请工作的人在接受面试前有责任了解某些方面的信息。主题句中的关键词是ascertaining certain types of information。紧接着,文章围绕主题句从两方面展开,论述了申请人应了解两类信息。
If Europeans thought a drought was something that happened only in Africa,
they know better now. After four years of below?normal rainfall (in some cases
only 10 percent of the annual average), vast areas of France, Spain, Portugal,
Belgium, Britain and Ireland are dry and barren .Water is so low in the canals of
northern France that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends.Oyster
growers in Britain report a 30 percent drop in production because of the loss of
fresh water in local rivers necessary for oyster breeding.In southeastern England,
the rolling green hills of Kent have turned so brown that officials have been
weighing plans to pipe in water from wales.In Portugal,farmers in the southern
Alentejo region have held prayer meetings for rain-so far,in vain.
上段中第二句是主题句,它点明了全段的中心思想,即:四年来,法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、比利时,英国及爱尔兰的降雨量低于常年,这些国家的广大地区都严重缺水。下面的各句都是围绕这一主题展开的。
从上面两段中我们可以看到英语的段落只能有一个中心思想,如要再论述其他与该段中心思想无关的内容应另起一段。