您的位置：2004级MPA备考攻略:MPA英语形容词副词练习一
the+比较级…，the +比较级…意为"越……，越……"，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，其中的两个the都是副词，而不是冠词，前面部分是从句，后面部分是主句。
【例如】
The more people you know, the less time you have to see them.
你认识的人越多，见他们是时间就越少。
The busier she is, the happier she feels.
她越忙，就感到越快活。
The greater (is) the resistance, the less (is) the current.
电阻越大，电流就越小。
The sooner, the better.
越早越好。
二、比较级的修饰词
比较级可以用much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, by far来修饰。
【例如】
She is much more beautiful than I have thought.
The situation is far more complicated than I have imagined.
I can do a little better than you. Let me do it.
三、不用than的比较
并不是所有的形容词表示比较时都用than，英语中有几个以-or结尾源于拉丁语的形容词，由于其原级已具有比较的含义，在表示比较时不用than，而用to。这类形容词不多，计有：anterior / prior to(先于)，posterior to (在……之后)，superior
to(优于)，inferior to(劣于)，junior to(年幼于)，senior to(年长于)。
【例如】
This task is prior to all others.
He thinks he is superior to his classmates because his father is a very
important people.
The Red Army was inferior in equipment but superior in morale to the
enemy.
My arrival in Beijing is posterior to that of our manager.
It happened prior to my arrival.
The official's rank is senior to his father's.
Mary is two years senior to me, and her sister is junior to me by
three years.
四、几个含有than的结构
1) no more than
只，仅仅，只不过是(=only)，后面接名词或数词，在句中起形容词作用。例如：The street is no more than two miles long.这条大街只有两英里长。What he is
saying is no more than a joke.他所讲的只不过是个玩笑而已。The estimate of
20012 tons was probably no more than another wild assumption of theirs.这个二万零一十二吨的估计数字，也许只不过是他们的又一个胡编乱造。
2) no more... than (= not...any more than)
和……一样不(not...any more than)。Than前后都是否定的含义。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. (= A whale is not a fish
any more than a horse is.)鲸和马都不是鱼。(鲸之非鱼类，正如马之非鱼类。)
My elder brother is no more a singer than I am.我哥哥和我都不是歌唱家。
They will no more sell their freedom for roubles than for dollars.他们既不会以他们的自由换取美元，也将同样不会以自由换取卢布。
The little man was ____one meter fifty high.
A) almost more than B) hardly more than C) nearly D) as much as
hardly more than用来表示"仅仅"。根据句意：这个小个子男人仅有1.5米高，应选择B.
3)no other than
只有，正是。它常用来加强语气，多用于书面语。
The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector
himself.结果是，那个杀人犯不是别人，正是巡官自己。
The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender.被打败的敌人只有投降。
4)no better than
和……一样，实际上等于(practically the same as)
A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind.不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。
The patient is no better than he was yesterday.病人的情况和昨天一样。
5)no less... than
和……一样，不逊于。其中的than前后都是肯定的意思。
This person is no less diligent than he used to be.这个人和从前一样勤奋。
The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other
arts.写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。
Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鲜空气对身体健康是同样必不可少的。
6)no less than
多达，竟有……之多，不下于(as many as, as much as)。
In the battle, the Red Amy wounded were no less than twenty thousand.在这次战斗中，红军伤员不下两万人。
He won no less than 1000 Yuan in the lottery.他居然中了一千元的奖券。
The bank pays him a yearly salary of no less than ,000.银行给他的年薪竟高达九万。
7) other than
意思是：不同于，除……之外；rather than意思是：而不是。
【例如】
This crop doesn't do well in soils ____the one for which it has been
specially developed.
A) beyond B) rather than C) outside D) other than
other than意思是：不同于，除……之外；rather than意思是：而不是。根据句意：除了这块专门为它培育的土壤，这种作物在其它土壤上都生长不好。应选择D.
In no country ___Britain, it has been said, can one experience four
seasons in the course of a single day.
A) other than B) more than C) better than D) rather than
句意为：除了在英国，一个人不可能在其它国家在一天内经历四季。other than表示"除……之外"，故选择A.
五、几组常见副词的用法
1) fairly, quite, rather表示"十分，非常"。fairly语气最弱，放在不定冠词之后；quite语气较强，放在不定冠词之前；rather语气最强，可放在不定冠词前后，也可放在比较级前和too之前。
【例如】
This is a fairly interesting story. I want to tell it to my friends.
You have made quite a few mistakes in you writing. (quite a few =many)
The weather is rather colder today than I have expected. The student was
rather too dull.
2) hardly, scarcely表示"几乎不"，含否定含义。用于句首时，句子用倒装语序。hardly和scarcely与when连用，表示"一……，就……"，相当于as soon as.
【例如】
Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left.
Scarcely had I entered the cinema when the film began.
3) late意思是"晚"，lately意思为"近来"；high表示位置,highly表示程度；
most作副词表示"最……"，mostly表示"主要的"。
【例如】
The plane flew high in the sky and soon disappeared.
My teacher speaks highly of me.
Remember not to be late next time.
Have you ever heard from him lately?
What do you like most?
The village is mostly of brick houses.
4) only too only too表示"很，非常"。
【例如】
I am only too pleased to help you.
六、具有两种形式的副词
英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。
常见的这类副词有：firm稳固地firmly坚固地direct径直地directly恰好free自由地，免费地freely自由自在地，随便地flat平淡地flatly直截了当地short突然shortly
不久even甚至evenly平均地clean完全地，径直地cleanly清洁地，干净利索地clear隔开，不接触clearly清晰地，明显地close近closely紧密地，接近地easy安适地easily
容易地dead突然地，完全地deadly死一般地，非常fair公平，正直地fairly相当地hard
努力地hardly几乎没有，几乎不most最mostly重要地right还好，适当地rightly改正地，合理地，正确地high高高地highly高度地just正好justly公正地late迟，晚lately
最近near近nearly几乎pretty相当地prettily优美地sharp突然地，急剧地sharply严厉地
【例句】
The hawk was circling high in the sky.
We spoke highly of him. Don't come too close.
I closely resemble my father.
The train stopped dead. She turned deadly pale.
She is the most beautiful girl in the college.
The village is mostly of mud houses.
She slipped right to the bottom of the icy mountain. I am rightly informed.
再看几个考题实例：
Fix the post ____in the ground.
A) firmed B) firmly C) firmingly D) firm
答案为D。firmly意味"坚固地，顽固地"，在此句中不妥，firm意为"稳固地，牢固地"，合乎题意要求。句意：把这个桩子牢固地钉在地上。
Communism can never be taken as the equivalent of eating ____and riding____.
A) free; free B) freely; freely C) free; freely D) freely; free
答案为A。free意为"免费地"，freely意为"自由自在地，不受约束地"。句意：共产主义决不能理解为白吃饭和免费乘车。
A bosom friend afar brings a distance land____.
A) nearby B) nearly C) near D) nearerly
答案为C。nearly是副词，意为"几乎"，不符合题意。此句中的near不是副词，near作副词的意义是"一点也不，远不及"，不符合题意，near是形容词，意为"邻近的，附近的"，正合题意。句意：(挚友在)天涯若毗邻。
The desk was ___in the center of the room.
A) direct B) directed C) directing D) directly
答案为D。题意：书桌刚好在屋子中央。
七、没有比较级的形容词和副词
1)有些程度副词，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively, fairly等与形容词连用具有"比较"含义。故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级。
【例如】
It is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory.
This book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy for the
seniors.
2)下列几类形容词也没有比较等级：
(1)表示"终极"意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如：absolute(ly), blind,
dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong
等。
(2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如：back, backward, forward,
front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。
(3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如：atomic, cultural,
economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban,
wooden等。
(4)本身具有"最"或"唯一"概念的形容词。如：maximal, mere, minimal,
matchless, sole, only unique等。
八、形容词、副词比较级
1)比较的成分要对等。
【例如】
He is more concerned about others than about himself.
My father is in better health now than last year.
The population of China is larger than that of America.
2) the +比较级……，the +比较级……意为"越……，越……"。前面部分是从句，后面部分是主句。
【例如】
The harder you work, the more successful you will be.
The earlier you come, the better place you can find.
九、形容词的主动性和被动性
有些形容词其本身含有主动的意义，有些则含有被动意义,要特别注意这种语义上的区别。
【例如】
That's a very interesting story.
Children are interested to read the story. interesting是指故事能引起人的兴趣，有主动意义；interested则指孩子对故事感兴趣，有被动意义。判断形容词含主动或被动意义，除从语义上来区别外，在形式上有以下几点:
1)动词分词完全形容词化时是成对的，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：amusing-amused; exciting-excited; pleasing-pleased; surprising-surprised; tiring-tired; satisfying-satisfied; confusing-confused;
puzzling-puzzled等等。
【例如】
This is a tiring journey.这是一次令人疲惫的旅行。
We are tired after long walk.长途散步之后，我们累了。
Yesterday a surprising event happened here.昨天这里发生了一件惊人的事。
We are surprised when we heard the sad news.当我们听到这个悲惨的消息大吃一惊。
但也有不是成对的，如a charming girl，不说a charmed girl；可说encouraging words，不说encouraged words。
2)由动词加后缀而来的形容词，有些在语义上也有主动和被动的区别。一般来说，动词加后缀ful,ous,ent,ant构成的形容词表示主动意义；由动词加后缀able,ible构成的形容词表示被动意义。
【例如】envious羡慕；妒嫉的forgetful易忘的dependent依赖的tolerant能容忍的readable可读的movable可移动的eatable可食的defensible可防御的
同一动词加上表示不同语义的后缀，构成的形容词，其意义也不同。
forgetful易忘的 forgettable可忘的 respectful恭敬的 respectable可敬的
regretful懊悔的 regrettable令人遗憾的 credulous轻信的
credible可信的，可靠的 digestive消化的 digestible易消化的
delightful令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的 desirous想望的
desirable值得想望的 persuasive打动人心的 persuadable易听人劝告的
Your choice of friends is most regrettable.你的择友标准是令人遗憾的。
We said good-bye to our friends, feeling regretful that we had to
leave and would probably never see them again.
He is out of work and dependent on his wife's earnings.
The parents are the most dependable persons for their children.
Such a credulous fool as I was-I should have known better than to
believe I'd get a contract.
His story is hardly credible, how could all that happened to one
person.
【作者:本站编辑┊来源:象牙塔┊2005-09-29】TAGS:
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